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Saturday 20 October 2012

GPRS System Architecture

GPRS is a data network that overlays a second-generation GSM network. This data overlay network provides packet data transport at rates from 9.6 to 171 kbps. Additionally, multiple users can share the same air-interface resources simultaneously.

Following is the GPRS Architecture diagram:

GPRS Architecture

GPRS attempts to reuse the existing GSM network elements as much as possible, but to effectively build a packet-based mobile cellular network, some new network elements, interfaces, and protocols for handling packet traffic are required.

GPRS Support Nodes:

Following two new components, called GPRS support nodes (GSNs), are added:


The serving GPRS support node (SGSN) : is responsible for routing the packet switched data to and from the mobile stations (MS) within its area of responsibility. The main functions of SGSN are packet routing and transfer, mobile attach and detach procedure (Mobility Management (MM)), location management, assigning channels and time slots (Logical Link Management (LLM)), authentication and charging for calls. It stores the location information of the user (like the current location, current VLR) and user profile (like IMSI addresses used in packet data networks) of registered users in its location register.

The gateway GPRS support node (GGSN) : acts as interface between the GPRS backbone and the external packet data network (PDN). It converts the GPRS packet coming from the SGSN into proper packet data protocol (PDP) format (i.e. X.25 or IP) before sending to the outside data network. Similarly it converts the external PDP addresses to the GSM address of the destination user. It sends these packets to proper SGSN. For this purpose the GGSN stores the current SGSN address of the user and his profile in its location register.The GGSN also performs the authentication and charging functions. In general there may be a many to many relationship between the SGSN and GGSN. However a service provider may have only one GGSN and few SGSNs due to cost constraints. A GGSN proved the interface to several SGSNs to the external PDN.


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